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Italy

Italy, a European country shaped like a boot, is known for its rich history, art, and cuisine. It became unified in 1861 and has a diverse landscape.

last updated on Jan 01, 2025



Taxes

Individual tax rate: Moderate

Italy employs a progressive income tax system with rates ranging from 23% to 43%. As of 2024, the tax brackets are: 23% for income up to €15,000, 25% for €15,001-28,000, 35% for €28,001-50,000, and 43% for income over €50,000.
In addition to federal income tax, individuals pay regional (1.23-3.33%) and municipal (up to 0.9%) taxes, with rates varying by location
 Certain expenses, such as medical costs and education, can reduce taxable income. Tax payments can be made in two installments if the amount exceeds €257.52

Corporate tax rate: Moderate

The standard corporate tax rate in Italy is 24%, known as IRES (Imposta sul reddito sulle società)
This rate has remained stable since 2017, when it was reduced from 27.5%
In addition to IRES, companies must pay IRAP (Imposta regionale sulle attività produttive), a regional production tax set at 3.9%.
The total effective corporate tax rate can vary slightly depending on the region and industry sector. Specific rates may apply to entities in the financial and shipping industries.

Crypto friendly: Moderate

Italy has recently implemented new regulations for cryptocurrency service providers. The MiCA Decree, introduced in 2024, establishes a comprehensive regulatory framework for crypto asset service providers (CASPs) operating in Italy.
This replaces the previous rules on virtual asset service providers (VASPs). There is a 12-month transition period until December 30, 2025, for VASPs registered in Italy as of December 27, 2024.
The new regulations aim to prevent money laundering and terrorism financing while providing a clearer legal framework for cryptocurrency operations in the country

Bank account friendly: Moderate

Opening a bank account in Italy as a foreigner is possible, but requirements vary depending on residency status. For residents, necessary documents typically include proof of ID, proof of Italian address, Italian fiscal code, proof of employment or student status, and a residence permit for non-EU nationals.
 Non-residents can open accounts under certain conditions. For businesses, additional documents such as company registration certificates may be required.
Some banks may have specific requirements or minimum deposit amounts. Specialized agencies can assist immigrants with banking services, though fees may apply.

Visas

Investor Visa: Hard

The Italy Investor Visa, or Golden Visa, requires a minimum investment of €250,000 in startups or €500,000 in Italian companies. It offers residency for two years, renewable for three more, potentially leading to citizenship after 10 years. This visa is designed for non-EU nationals contributing significantly to Italy's economy. Difficulty: Hard due to the substantial financial commitment.

Source: https://www.globalcitizensolutions.com/italy-golden-visa/


Digital Nomad Visa: Moderate to Hard

Italy's Digital Nomad Visa, introduced in 2024, allows remote workers to live in Italy for a year, renewable. Applicants must prove an annual income of at least €24,789, have health insurance, and show no criminal record in the last five years. It's tailored for high-skilled workers, freelancers, or remote employees. Difficulty: Moderate as it requires specific qualifications and income proof.

Source: https://www.studiolegalemetta.com/legal-questions-and-answers/italian-digital-nomad-visa/

Marriage Visa: Moderate to Hard

There isn't a specific "marriage visa" in Italy; instead, non-EU citizens marrying an Italian need to apply for a tourist visa initially, then transition to a family reunification visa. Documentation includes a certificate of banns. The process involves proving the relationship and intent to marry. Difficulty: Medium, depending on the speed of bureaucratic processes and document preparation.

Source: https://www.esteri.it/en/sportello_info/domandefrequenti/sezione_visti_entrare_in_italia/

Visitor Visa: Easy to Moderate

A Visitor Visa for Italy, part of the Schengen Visa system, allows short-term stays for up to 90 days in any 180-day period for tourism, family visits, or business. It requires proof of funds, accommodation, and intent to leave after the visit. Difficulty: Low as requirements are straightforward, though wait times can vary by consulate.

Source: https://visa.vfsglobal.com/one-pager/italy/uk/london/

Student Visa: Hard

Non-EU students require a Student Visa for studies exceeding 90 days. It necessitates enrollment in an Italian educational institution, proof of financial means, and health insurance. The visa duration aligns with the study program. Difficulty: Medium, mostly due to gathering necessary documents and the need for acceptance into an Italian school.

Source: https://www.italianvisa.it/research-visa/

Work Visa: Moderate to Hard

To work in Italy, non-EU citizens need either a work visa or a residence permit based on employment. This involves securing a job offer first, followed by the employer applying for a "nulla osta" from Italian authorities. The process includes salary thresholds, labor market tests, and specific job qualifications. Difficulty: High due to the complexity of Italian labor laws and the need for employer sponsorship.

Source: https://www.italianvisa.it/new-visa-opportunity/

Economy and Business

Property Ownership: Hard

  • Foreigners can buy property in Italy, but there are nuances. There's no general restriction, but some areas might have specific regulations. Property transactions involve notaries to ensure legal transfer, requiring documentation like proof of identity, income, and sometimes residency status. The process can be bureaucratic, with taxes and fees adding to the cost. Ownership can be full (freehold) or partial (e.g., bare ownership), where one owns the property but not the right to use it.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, due to legal complexities, bureaucracy, and the need for local knowledge or assistance.
  • Source: Italian Ministry of Justice


Payment friendly: Moderate

  • Italy has a well-developed banking system, with credit/debit cards widely accepted, especially in urban areas. ATMs are plentiful, and digital payment methods like Apple Pay are growing in use. Cash, however, remains king in many small establishments or rural areas. Foreigners can open bank accounts, but this might require residency or significant paperwork. Currency exchange is straightforward, but be wary of fees.
  • Challenges: Easy to Moderate, with modern payment methods available, though some adaptation to local payment practices might be necessary.
  • Source: Bank of Italy


Economy: Moderate

  • Italy's economy is the third-largest in the Eurozone, with strengths in manufacturing, fashion, and tourism. It faces challenges like public debt, regional disparities, and a slow-growth environment. The economy benefits from cultural heritage and food production but is sensitive to global economic shifts. Navigating the Italian market requires understanding its unique blend of tradition and innovation, alongside dealing with regulatory hurdles.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, as economic opportunities are diverse but require acclimatization to the Italian business culture and economic policies.
  • Source: Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT)


Business friendly: Moderate

  • Italy offers incentives for certain sectors like technology or cultural industries, but starting a business can be administratively complex. The country has made efforts to simplify procedures, but bureaucracy remains a hurdle. Labor laws, tax structures, and regional variations in business climate can impact ease of doing business. Foreign investment is encouraged, yet navigating legal requirements for business establishment or operation can be daunting.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, due to regulatory challenges, bureaucratic processes, and cultural adaptation.
  • Source: Italian Ministry of Economic Development


Affordability: Expensive

  • Italy's cost of living varies significantly by region. Major cities like Milan and Rome can be expensive, particularly in terms of housing and dining out. However, smaller towns and rural areas offer much more affordable living. The quality of life is high, but one must balance this with costs like healthcare (which is public but supplemented by private insurance), education, and transportation.
  • Challenges: Moderate, as while some areas are affordable, others require careful budgeting, especially in urban centers or for non-residents.
  • Source: Numbeo - Cost of Living in Italy

Communications and Technology

Internet: Improving

  • Italy has seen significant improvements in internet infrastructure, especially in urban areas, with widespread availability of broadband and mobile internet. However, speeds can vary, with rural areas sometimes lagging. Fiber optics are expanding, but copper networks still dominate in many regions. Public Wi-Fi is available in cities, but the quality can be inconsistent. Italy ranks below the European average for internet speed, and there's ongoing work to enhance connectivity, particularly in less urbanized areas.
  • Challenges: Moderate, due to regional discrepancies in speed and access, with urban areas being much better served than rural ones.
  • Source: Italian Communications Authority (AGCOM)


Communication: Moderate

  • Italy offers multiple communication channels, with mobile phones being the most common. The country has two official languages, Italian and German in South Tyrol, with minority languages like Slovene and Ladin. English is understood in tourism and business but not universally spoken. Traditional postal services are reliable, while digital communication via email, WhatsApp, and other platforms is standard. However, language can be a barrier for non-Italian speakers, and cultural norms around communication style vary.
  • Challenges: Easy to Moderate, with modern communication tools widely available, though language and cultural differences might pose challenges.
  • Source: Italian Ministry of Economic Development


Phone friendly: High


  • Mobile phone coverage in Italy is extensive, with all major cities and many smaller towns having good 4G, with 5G slowly expanding. SIM cards are easily purchased, with tourist plans available for short-term stays. Italians use mobile phones for nearly all communications, including banking and public transport tickets. However, in very remote areas, coverage might be less reliable. Prepaid plans are popular, offering flexibility for visitors or those not wanting long-term contracts.
  • Challenges: Easy, given the widespread availability of mobile services, though some remote areas might present connectivity issues.
  • Source: AGCOM

Social, Safety and Politics

Progressive: Moderate

  • Italy shows a blend of traditionalism and progressiveness. While it has made strides in areas like environmental policies and social rights, such as the recognition of same-sex civil unions, there's still resistance to more progressive reforms, particularly around gender equality and immigration. Cities like Milan are more forward-thinking, but the country as a whole often balances between preserving cultural heritage and modernizing. The political landscape can significantly influence the pace and nature of progressive changes.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, due to cultural conservatism and a political system that often requires consensus across diverse views.
  • Source: Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI)


Religions: Less than 5

  • Predominantly Catholic, Italy has the Vatican City within its borders, influencing its religious landscape. However, religious freedom is constitutionally guaranteed, and there are significant minorities of Muslims, Jews, and various Christian denominations. Secularism has grown, with a notable increase in the number of people identifying as non-religious. Religious practices are deeply woven into Italian culture, affecting holidays, traditions, and public life, though the influence of Catholicism in politics has waned.
  • Challenges: Easy, as practicing religion is generally straightforward, but navigating the intersection of religion and secular life can be complex.
  • Source: Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT)


Safety: Moderate

  • Italy is considered relatively safe for tourists and residents, with low violent crime rates compared to some countries. Petty crimes like pickpocketing and scams are more common, particularly in tourist-heavy areas. Safety can vary by region, with urban centers like Rome and Naples having higher crime rates than rural areas. Public safety measures are in place, but vigilance is recommended, especially in crowded places or after dark.
  • Challenges: Easy to Moderate, with basic precautions sufficing in most areas, though one should be alert in tourist spots.
  • Source: Italian Ministry of the Interior


Political Stability: Moderate

  • Italy's political scene is known for its volatility, with frequent government changes and coalition politics. While democratic processes are robust, there's a history of short-lived governments and political fragmentation. Recent years have seen more stability, but economic issues, regional autonomy debates, and populist movements can lead to political tension. Public protests are common but generally peaceful, reflecting an engaged but sometimes divided citizenry.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, as navigating or understanding the political landscape requires dealing with its complexity and unpredictability.
  • Source: Italian Chamber of Deputies


Corruption: High

  • Corruption has been a persistent challenge in Italy, affecting public administration, business, and politics. High-profile cases, especially related to public contracts or regional governance, have led to public distrust. Efforts to combat corruption include anti-corruption agencies, judicial reforms, and transparency initiatives, but cultural acceptance of some corrupt practices and bureaucratic inefficiencies can hinder progress.
  • Challenges: Hard, due to deep-rooted issues, cultural nuances, and the need for systemic change.
  • Source: Transparency International Italy


Friendliness: High

  • Italians are renowned for their warmth and hospitality, often making visitors feel welcome. Social interactions can be lively and expressive, though the level of friendliness might differ between urban and rural settings. Navigating Italian social norms, like the importance of gestures and personal space, can enhance one's experience but requires some cultural adaptation.
  • Challenges: Easy, as the general populace is friendly, though understanding social etiquette might require adjustment.
  • Source: Italian National Tourist Board (ENIT)


Education

Average education: High literacy


  • Italy's education system is characterized by public, state-funded schools that are free and compulsory from ages 6 to 16. The system includes primary, secondary (lower and upper), and higher education, with a strong emphasis on cultural heritage and languages. The literacy rate is high, but the educational outcomes can be uneven due to regional disparities in resources and funding. University education is also public but can be competitive for certain courses. The Bologna Process has aligned Italian higher education with European standards.
  • Challenges: Moderate, as while education is accessible, the quality and opportunities vary regionally, and university entry can be competitive.
  • Source: Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research

International Schools: Moderate

  • International schools in Italy primarily serve expatriate families, offering curricula like the International Baccalaureate (IB), British, or American systems. These schools are concentrated in major cities like Rome, Milan, and Florence, providing education in English or other languages. Tuition is generally high due to smaller class sizes, international accreditation, and specialized facilities. Admission often requires interviews, assessments, and sometimes waiting lists, reflecting the high demand for quality international education.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, due to high costs, limited availability, and selective admission processes.
  • Source: Association of International Schools in Italy


Technological expertise: Developing

  • Italy has pockets of technological expertise, particularly in design, fashion tech, and certain areas of engineering, but it lags behind some European counterparts in overall tech innovation. Cities like Milan have tech hubs with startups focusing on digital solutions, AI, and fintech. However, Italy faces challenges in tech education, investment in R&D, and the digital transformation of its economy. There's a push to upskill the workforce, but traditional industries still dominate, and there's a brain drain of tech talent to other countries.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, as entering or excelling in tech fields often requires overcoming educational gaps, cultural resistance to rapid change, and sometimes relocating to tech-centric regions or abroad.
  • Source: Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AIxIA)


Health

Seasons: 4 seasons

Italy experiences four distinct seasons, each with its charm. Spring (March to May) brings mild weather and blooming landscapes, ideal for tourism. Summer (June to August) is warm to hot, especially in the south, with long, sunny days perfect for beach vacations. Autumn (September to November) offers cooler temperatures, with beautiful foliage in northern regions. Winter (December to February) varies from mild in the south to cold with snow in the Alps, making it a ski destination. Each season influences the cultural life, from festivals to culinary changes. 

Fitness: Moderate

Fitness culture in Italy is growing, with an increasing emphasis on health and wellness. Cities are equipped with numerous gyms, yoga studios, and outdoor fitness areas. Running, cycling, and swimming are popular, supported by Italy's scenic routes and coastline. The Mediterranean diet, known for its health benefits, complements physical activity. However, there's a generational divide in fitness engagement, with younger Italians more likely to participate in organized sports or gym activities compared to older generations, who might prefer walking or traditional games. 

Pollution: High

Pollution, particularly air quality, is a significant issue in Italy, especially in industrial areas like the Po Valley and urban centers like Milan and Rome. High levels of particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone are common, exacerbated by traffic congestion and industrial emissions. Italy has been criticized for not meeting EU air quality standards consistently. Water pollution is another concern, particularly in the south, due to industrial waste and outdated infrastructure. Efforts are being made through legislation and public awareness to reduce pollution, but challenges remain due to economic interests and enforcement issues. 

Healthcare: High quality

Italy's healthcare system is renowned for its quality, accessibility, and efficiency, being ranked among the best globally. It's primarily public, providing universal coverage through the National Health Service (SSN), which is funded by general taxation. Despite this, private healthcare also plays a significant role, offering quicker access to certain services. The system includes well-regarded hospitals, particularly for specialties like cardiology and oncology, and has a strong emphasis on primary care. Waiting times for non-urgent treatments can be long, and regional disparities exist, with the north generally having better facilities than the south. Italy has been proactive in health education and preventive care, contributing to its high life expectancy rates.

Diversity

Food diversity: Highly diverse

  • Italy is renowned for its culinary diversity, with each of its 20 regions offering unique dishes, ingredients, and cooking methods shaped by geography, history, and culture. From the seafood of Sicily to the Alpine cheeses of Trentino-Alto Adige, Italian cuisine is a mosaic of flavors. This regional variety is complemented by a growing acceptance of international cuisines, particularly in urban centers like Milan and Rome. However, traditional Italian food still dominates, with a strong emphasis on local, seasonal ingredients and culinary heritage.
  • Challenges: Easy, as Italy's food diversity is accessible, though exploring beyond traditional Italian fare might require seeking out specific restaurants or areas.
  • Source: Italian Academy of Cuisine


Ethnics diversity: Highly diverse

  • Italy has become increasingly ethnically diverse due to immigration over recent decades. Major cities like Milan, Rome, and Turin are home to sizable communities from North Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Despite this diversity, Italy has faced challenges in integration, with debates on immigration policies, cultural assimilation, and sometimes xenophobia. The country's ethnic diversity is more pronounced in urban areas, where multiculturalism is more visible, though societal acceptance and the integration of immigrants into the fabric of Italian life vary widely.
  • Challenges: Moderate, as while there's ethnic diversity, fully integrating and navigating cultural differences, language barriers, and societal attitudes towards immigrants can be complex.
  • Source: Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT)