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Canada, the second-largest country by land area, spans from the Atlantic to the Pacific and to the Arctic Ocean. Known for its vast, diverse landscapes, including mountains, prairies, and boreal forests, it's home to about 38 million people, predominantly in urban centers like Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal. Canada is a bilingual nation, with English and French as official languages, reflecting its British and French heritage. It's celebrated for its multiculturalism, high standard of living, universal healthcare, and natural wonders like Niagara Falls and Banff National Park. Canada is also a global leader in peacekeeping and environmental conservation.

last updated on Jan 01, 2025



Taxes

Individual tax rate: Moderate

Canada's individual tax rates for 2024 are progressive, with federal rates ranging from 15% to 33% based on income brackets. Provinces and territories add their own rates, causing the combined rate to vary by location. For instance, in British Columbia, rates range from 5.06% to 20.5% on top of federal taxes. Taxpayers benefit from various deductions and credits like RRSP contributions and tuition credits. The complexity arises from navigating both federal and provincial tax systems, requiring detailed annual tax filings. Source: Canada.ca

Corporate tax rate: Moderate

The federal corporate tax rate in Canada for 2024 is 15%, with provinces and territories adding their own taxes, resulting in combined rates between 26.5% (Alberta) and 31% (Nova Scotia). Small businesses enjoy a lower rate, typically around 9% to 11% on the first $500,000 of income. Businesses must manage compliance with both federal and provincial tax obligations, which can be complex due to varying local incentives, deductions, and reporting requirements. Source: taxsummaries.pwc.com

Crypto friendly: Moderate

Canada has adopted a relatively favorable stance towards cryptocurrencies, with the CRA treating them as commodities for tax purposes, thus subject to capital gains tax. The country has clear regulations for crypto exchanges, requiring them to register and report transactions. This regulatory clarity makes Canada crypto-friendly, though not without challenges like understanding tax implications for crypto transactions. The difficulty lies more in staying compliant with evolving regulations. Source: Canada.ca

Bank account friendly: Hard

Opening a bank account in Canada can be challenging for non-residents or newcomers due to requirements like proof of address, a Canadian credit history, or a social insurance number (SIN). Major banks offer various account types, but the process can be cumbersome for those without established ties to Canada. This is particularly difficult for digital nomads or those without immediate employment. However, some banks offer specialized accounts for newcomers, albeit with restrictions. Source: Canada.ca

Visas

Investor Visa: Moderate to Hard

  • Known as the Immigrant Investor Venture Capital (IIVC) Pilot Program in Canada, this visa requires a significant investment in an approved venture capital fund. Investors must have a net worth of at least CAD 10 million and invest CAD 2 million. This visa pathway is designed to stimulate the economy by attracting high-net-worth individuals. However, the program is limited, and not all applications are accepted.
  • Challenges: Hard, due to high financial thresholds, limited availability, and stringent selection criteria.
  • Source: Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)


Digital Nomad Visa: n/a

  • Canada does not currently have a specific visa for digital nomads. However, individuals can enter on a visitor visa while working remotely for a foreign employer, provided they do not work for a Canadian company. Alternatively, they might apply for a work permit under the International Mobility Program if they fit into specific categories like intra-company transfers or tech talent.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, since there's no direct visa but requires navigating existing categories creatively.
  • Source: Government of Canada


Marriage Visa: Moderate to Hard

  • Spousal sponsorship allows Canadian citizens or permanent residents to sponsor their spouse or common-law partner for permanent residency. The process involves proving the relationship's legitimacy, financial stability, and sometimes, a medical exam. The couple might live apart during the application process, which can take months to over a year.
  • Challenges: Moderate, with the need for substantial documentation to verify the relationship and financial stability.
  • Source: IRCC


Visitor Visa: Easy to Moderate

  • A visitor visa, or Temporary Resident Visa (TRV), is needed for citizens of countries requiring visas to enter Canada. It allows stays up to six months for tourism, visiting family, or business. Requirements include proving intent to leave Canada after the visit, financial support, and ties to the home country.
  • Challenges: Easy to Moderate, depending on the applicant's country, with straightforward requirements for most.
  • Source: IRCC


Student Visa: Easy to Moderate

  • Requires acceptance into a designated learning institution (DLI) in Canada, proof of financial support, and sometimes a medical exam. Students can work part-time during their studies and full-time during scheduled breaks. After graduation, they might apply for a Post-Graduation Work Permit.
  • Challenges: Low to Moderate, primarily due to the need for admission and financial proof.
  • Source: IRCC


Work Visa: Moderate to Hard

  • Work permits are issued based on job offers from Canadian employers. There are various streams, including those requiring a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) or those under international agreements or mobility programs. Applicants must show they can fulfill the job requirements and often need employer sponsorship.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, as it largely depends on securing a Canadian job offer and navigating through sometimes complex employment verification processes.
  • Source: IRCC

Economy and Business

Property Ownership: Hard

  • In Canada, property can be owned by both residents and non-residents, though some areas have restrictions on foreign ownership, particularly for agricultural land or in certain provinces like Ontario and British Columbia. The process involves securing financing, which might be more challenging for non-residents, and understanding local laws around property taxes, zoning, and ownership rights. 
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, due to varying regulations, financing hurdles, and sometimes high property costs.
  • Source: Canadian Real Estate Association


Payment friendly: Moderate

  • Canada has a well-developed financial infrastructure with widespread use of credit/debit cards, Interac e-Transfer, and digital payment platforms like PayPal and Apple Pay. Foreigners can open bank accounts, but might face more stringent checks. Currency exchange services are readily available, and ATMs are ubiquitous. However, some transactions might still require cash or Canadian banking methods.
  • Challenges: Easy to Moderate, due to the accessible payment systems, though some adaptation to local banking practices might be needed.
  • Source: Bank of Canada


Economy: Moderate

  • Canada boasts a stable, diversified economy with sectors like energy, manufacturing, technology, and services. It's known for its resource wealth, particularly in oil, gas, and minerals. However, economic conditions can be influenced by global commodity prices, international trade, and domestic policy changes. Understanding and leveraging economic opportunities can require navigating through these variables.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, as economic benefits depend on market knowledge, sector involvement, and policy awareness.
  • Source: Statistics Canada


Business friendly: Moderate

  • Canada is considered business-friendly due to its stable political environment, legal system, and programs like the Startup Visa Program that support entrepreneurship. However, starting a business involves navigating through regulations, obtaining permits, and understanding tax obligations. There can be differences in ease of doing business across provinces, with some offering more incentives or fewer bureaucratic hurdles.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, primarily because of regulatory complexities and the need for local market understanding.
  • Source: Invest in Canada


Affordability: Moderate

  • Affordability in Canada varies significantly by region. Urban centers like Toronto and Vancouver are known for high living costs, particularly in housing, while other areas offer more affordable living. The cost of living includes considerations like healthcare, education, transportation, and food, which are relatively high compared to some countries but come with quality services. 
  • Challenges: Moderate, as affordability can be a significant concern in major cities, requiring careful budgeting or choosing less expensive locales.
  • Source: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives

Communications and Technology

Internet: Improving

  • Canada has widespread internet access, with high-speed options available in most urban and many rural areas. However, the quality can vary, particularly in remote regions where satellite or slower connections might be the norm. The government has initiatives to expand broadband, but the digital divide persists in some areas. Internet service providers offer various plans, with data caps and speeds differing widely.
  • Challenges: Easy to Moderate, as access is generally available, but high-quality, affordable internet in all areas remains a challenge.
  • Source: Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)


Communication: High

  • Canada supports robust communication infrastructures with extensive use of mobile, landline, and internet-based platforms. English and French are the official languages, with English being more dominant in daily communications. Various communication tools like email, social media, and messaging apps are popular. However, language barriers can exist, particularly in French-speaking Quebec, and communication in more remote or Indigenous communities might require additional effort.
  • Challenges: Easy, with a wide array of communication methods readily available, though cultural and linguistic nuances can add complexity.
  • Source: Statistics Canada


Phone friendly: High

  • Canada's mobile network coverage is extensive, especially in urban areas, with major providers offering competitive plans for calls, texts, and data. Roaming within Canada is generally not an issue, but international roaming can be costly. SIM cards are accessible for both residents and visitors, with options for prepaid or contract plans. However, in very remote areas, service might be limited to satellite phones or specific providers.
  • Challenges: Easy to Moderate, due to the availability of services, but the cost of plans and coverage in remote locations can pose challenges.
  • Source: Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association

Social, Safety and Politics

Progressive: Very progressive

  • Canada is often regarded as a progressive nation, with strong support for multiculturalism, social justice, and environmental policies. It has made significant strides in areas like same-sex marriage, cannabis legalization, and Indigenous rights. However, progress is not uniform, with ongoing debates around issues like systemic racism, healthcare funding, and climate action. The political landscape can influence the pace of progressive changes, with different parties advocating varying levels of progressiveness.
  • Challenges: Moderate, as while there's a strong progressive foundation, advancing certain reforms can meet resistance or require nuanced policy-making.
  • Source: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives


Religions: More than 5

  • Canada's religious landscape is diverse, with Christianity being the most prevalent religion, followed by Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Judaism. Freedom of religion is a constitutional right, and the country is known for its religious tolerance. However, the secular nature of Canadian society means that religious practices are more private than public, with less influence in governance compared to countries where religion plays a larger role.
  • Challenges: Easy, as practicing religion is largely unrestricted, but understanding the interplay between secularism and personal faith can be nuanced.
  • Source: Statistics Canada


Safety: Very safe

  • Canada is considered one of the safest countries globally, with low rates of violent crime. However, urban centers like Toronto and Vancouver deal with issues like property crime, drug-related offences, and, occasionally, gun violence. Safety can also vary by region, with remote areas having different concerns like wildlife. The country's approach to public safety includes strong community policing and social programs.
  • Challenges: Easy to Moderate, with most areas safe for daily life, though vigilance in certain urban settings or activities is advised.
  • Source: Statistics Canada


Political Stability: High

  • Canada enjoys political stability, characterized by peaceful transitions of power through elections, a strong rule of law, and democratic institutions. However, political polarization on issues like climate policy, Indigenous rights, and economic management can lead to debates and occasional protests. The federal system allows for regional political differences, sometimes leading to short-term instability in policy implementation.
  • Challenges: Moderate, mainly due to the need to navigate through political diversity and occasional policy shifts.
  • Source: Library of Parliament Canada


Corruption: Low

  • Canada ranks well in global corruption indices, indicating low levels of corruption compared to many countries. However, instances of corruption, particularly in sectors like municipal politics, procurement, or corporate governance, do occur. Transparency and accountability are emphasized by government and watchdog organizations, though public trust can be affected by high-profile cases.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, as while corruption is not systemic, combating it where it exists requires vigilance and public engagement.
  • Source: Transparency International Canada


Friendliness: n/a

  • Canadians are often described as friendly, polite, and welcoming, contributing to the country's reputation for hospitality. This friendliness extends to all levels of society, though cultural differences exist across regions and communities. Social interactions can vary from the more reserved in English-speaking areas to the warm, conversational style in French-speaking Quebec.
  • Challenges: Easy, as the general populace is known for its friendliness, though understanding regional or cultural nuances might require some adjustment.
  • Source: Canadian Tourism Commission


Education

Average education: High literacy


  • Canada boasts one of the highest levels of education among developed nations, with over 57% of adults aged 25-64 having completed tertiary education. The education system provides free public education from kindergarten to grade 12, with high school completion rates around 89%. Post-secondary education includes colleges, universities, and technical institutes, offering diverse programs. Education is under provincial jurisdiction, leading to some variation in standards and curricula across the country.
  • Challenges: Easy, as access to education is widespread, though achieving higher levels might require personal effort, resources, and sometimes relocation for specialized programs.
  • Source: Statistics Canada

International Schools: Moderate

  • International schools in Canada cater mainly to expatriate families, offering curricula like the International Baccalaureate (IB), American, or British systems. These schools are found in major cities like Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal, providing education in English, French, or sometimes other languages. Tuition can be high, reflecting the specialized education, smaller class sizes, and international accreditation. Admission often requires interviews, assessments, and sometimes waiting lists.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, due to high costs, limited spots, and sometimes stringent admission criteria.
  • Source: Canadian Association of Independent Schools


Technological expertise: Highly developed

  • Canada is known for its technological expertise, particularly in areas like AI, biotechnology, and clean technology. Cities like Toronto, Vancouver, and Waterloo are tech hubs with numerous startups, established tech companies, and research institutions. The country invests heavily in R&D, fostering innovation through government initiatives, grants, and partnerships with academia. However, becoming part of this ecosystem can require specialized education, networking, and sometimes immigration processes for non-Canadians.
  • Challenges: Moderate to Hard, as entering high-level tech roles often demands advanced education, specific skills, and sometimes navigating immigration for employment.
  • Source: Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada


Health

Seasons: 4 seasons

Canada experiences four distinct seasons: winter, spring, summer, and fall. Winters can be harsh, especially in the north and central regions, with snow, ice, and cold temperatures. Summers are warm to hot, with longer days. Spring and fall bring milder weather, with fall known for its spectacular foliage. These seasonal changes influence lifestyle, from clothing to activities, requiring adaptation in clothing, heating, and outdoor planning. 
Challenges: Easy, as while one needs to adjust to the seasons, the information and preparation for each are readily available.
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada


Fitness: Moderate

  • Canada promotes an active lifestyle with ample opportunities for fitness. Urban centers have numerous gyms, fitness classes, and sports facilities, while the vast landscapes offer outdoor activities like hiking, skiing, and cycling. Public parks are common. However, the cold winters can limit outdoor activities, pushing fitness indoors or requiring specific gear. Seasonal sports and activities vary, offering a broad range of fitness options but also requiring seasonal adjustments.
  • Challenges: Easy to Moderate, as while facilities are accessible, seasonal weather can impact outdoor fitness routines.
  • Source: ParticipACTION


Pollution: Moderate

  • Canada's pollution levels vary by region. Urban areas can experience air quality issues due to traffic and industry, with cities like Toronto and Vancouver occasionally facing smog or particulate matter from forest fires. Water quality is generally high, but there are localized issues, particularly in industrial areas or near some Indigenous communities. Efforts are ongoing to reduce pollution through regulations, public transport, and green technology adoption.
  • Challenges: Moderate, as while pollution is not overwhelming, awareness and sometimes avoidance of high-pollution areas are necessary, especially during environmental events like wildfires.
  • Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada


Healthcare: Moderate

  • Canada's healthcare system is publicly funded through the Canadian Medicare system, providing universal coverage for essential medical services to all residents. However, wait times for non-emergency procedures can be long, and not all services are covered (like dental care, vision care, or prescription drugs outside hospitals). Private insurance can supplement public coverage. Healthcare quality is generally high but can vary by region, with rural areas sometimes having less access to specialized care.
  • Challenges: Easy to Moderate, access to basic healthcare is simple, but for comprehensive coverage or specialized care, additional steps like insurance or travel might be needed.
  • Source: Health Canada


Diversity

Food diversity: Highly diverse

  • Canada's food scene is incredibly diverse, reflecting its multicultural population. Cities like Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal are culinary hubs where one can find cuisines from around the globe, including Chinese, Indian, Italian, Middle Eastern, and Indigenous Canadian dishes. This diversity is not just in urban centers; smaller cities and towns often have their own unique food offerings. Canada's agricultural wealth supports local and seasonal eating, while its immigration history has enriched its food culture with fusion and authentic international dishes.
  • Challenges: Easy, as the variety of food is accessible in urban areas, though rural locales might offer less diversity.
  • Source: Destination Canada


Ethnics diversity: Highly diverse

  • Canada is celebrated for its ethnic diversity, being one of the most multicultural countries in the world. This diversity stems from decades of immigration, with significant populations from Asia, Europe, Africa, and Latin America alongside the Indigenous peoples. Policies like multiculturalism actively promote cultural expression and integration, though challenges like racial discrimination and integration into Canadian society persist. The country's approach to diversity includes official bilingualism (English and French) and efforts towards reconciliation with Indigenous communities.
  • Challenges: Moderate, as while diversity is widespread, fully integrating and understanding the cultural nuances requires effort, especially in addressing systemic issues or cultural differences.
  • Source: Statistics Canada